Sabtu, 28 Maret 2009
Minggu, 22 Maret 2009
BAHASA INGGRIS
ASSIGNMENT FOR AKUN C AND D
Describing People
1. Are your answers correct?
Dear Mr Dadang.,
My name’s Glenada Anggun Fristy Nuanza. I’m 19 years old. I’m from Yogyakarta.
I’m student at Telkom Institute of Management. I’m in class D of Accountancy.
My father’s name is Gunawan Sugiyono. He’s 52 years old.
My mother’s name is Aning Friany. She’s 45 years old.
I’ve got two brothers and one sister. Their names are Galuh, Dimas and Evi.
I’m interested in travelling.
but I’m not interested in clubbing. I’m good at school works, especially math.
In my bedroom, I've got a television and a video. I’ve also got a lots of books.
Please write soon. Best wishes,
Glenada Anggun
2. Can you answer these questions?
1. What’s your surname?
My surname is Nuanza.
2. How old are you?
I'm 19 years old.
3. Where are you from?
I'm from Yogyakarta.
4. What’s the name of your school?
My school is Telkom Institute of Management.
5. What class are you in?
I'm in class D of Accountancy.
6. What’s your father’s name?
My father's name is Gunawan Sugiyono.
7. How old is he?
He’s 52 years old.
8. What’s your mother’s name?
My mother’s name is Aning Friany.
9. How old is she?
She’s 45 years old.
10. How many brothers and sisters have you got?
I’ve got two brothers and one sister.
11. What are their names?
Their names are Galuh, Dimas and Evi.
12. What are you interested in?
I’m interested in travelling.
13. What aren’t you interested in?
I’m not interested in clubbing.
14. What are you good at?
I’m good at school works, especially math.
15. What are you got in your bedroom?
I've got a television, a video and a lots of books in my bedroom.
Reading:
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Wilma Rudolf was born in Clarksville,Tennessee,in 1940. There were twenty-two children in her family. Wilma was not a strong child. When she was very young, she got a disease called polio. Wilma’s leg began to have problems. Wilma’s family loved and helped her. Her mother and her sisters massaged her bad leg. The doctor put a brace on her leg for six years. One lucky day when she was twelve, the doctor took off the brace.
At high school Wilma started on run. Soon she won every race she ran. At age fifteen she prepared for the national races. She won all nine of the races. The next year, 1956, Wilma was in the Olympic games in Australia. Wilma came back with a bronze medal.
In 1960 Wilma went to the Olympic games in Italy. The weather was very hot just as it was in Tennessee. The Italians cheered her, Wilma won the 100 meter, 200 meter, and the 400 meter relay. Wilma Rudolf was the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals.
In 1963 Wilma got her degree in education. That year she married her high school sweetheart, and have four children.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. COMPREHENSION
A. Looking for the Main Ideas
Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. When she was young, Wilma had problems with her _____
c. leg
2. At high School Wilma ______
a. started to run and won every race
3. In the Olympic games of 1960, Wilma _______
a. won a bronze medal
B. Looking for Details
Circle T if the sentence is true. Circle F if the sentence is false.
1. Wilma was a strong child. F
2. Wilma had a brace on her leg for twelve years. F
3. When she was fifteen, she ran for the national races. T
4. In 1956 the Olympic games were in Italy. F
5. Wilma won three gold medals in 1960. T
6. Wilma got married in 1963. T
PERSONAL DATA
Glenada Anggun was born in Mantrijeron, Yogyakarta, in 1990. There were four children in her family. Glenada was the fourth child. She has two brothers and one sister. When she was six years old, she liked fishing and swimming. One day, when she went fishing with her brothers, she pushed her brother to the river because she was angry with him. Fortunetly, her brother could be saved.
In 2005, Glenada was a student of SMA 6 Yogyakarta. Because her parents were in Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, she lived with her grandmother and her brothers. Because of that she learned much of the true life. She known, she must got spirit in her life.
When she was 17 years old, she joined in Biology's Competition. Although she has got nothing, she can showed up her talent. Finally, she had studied in Telkom Institute of Management in 2008.
She got degree in 2012. After got her degree, she worked at Accountant's Company. Then, she got married with her boyfriend and has four children.
Describing People
1. Are your answers correct?
Dear Mr Dadang.,
My name’s Glenada Anggun Fristy Nuanza. I’m 19 years old. I’m from Yogyakarta.
I’m student at Telkom Institute of Management. I’m in class D of Accountancy.
My father’s name is Gunawan Sugiyono. He’s 52 years old.
My mother’s name is Aning Friany. She’s 45 years old.
I’ve got two brothers and one sister. Their names are Galuh, Dimas and Evi.
I’m interested in travelling.
but I’m not interested in clubbing. I’m good at school works, especially math.
In my bedroom, I've got a television and a video. I’ve also got a lots of books.
Please write soon. Best wishes,
Glenada Anggun
2. Can you answer these questions?
1. What’s your surname?
My surname is Nuanza.
2. How old are you?
I'm 19 years old.
3. Where are you from?
I'm from Yogyakarta.
4. What’s the name of your school?
My school is Telkom Institute of Management.
5. What class are you in?
I'm in class D of Accountancy.
6. What’s your father’s name?
My father's name is Gunawan Sugiyono.
7. How old is he?
He’s 52 years old.
8. What’s your mother’s name?
My mother’s name is Aning Friany.
9. How old is she?
She’s 45 years old.
10. How many brothers and sisters have you got?
I’ve got two brothers and one sister.
11. What are their names?
Their names are Galuh, Dimas and Evi.
12. What are you interested in?
I’m interested in travelling.
13. What aren’t you interested in?
I’m not interested in clubbing.
14. What are you good at?
I’m good at school works, especially math.
15. What are you got in your bedroom?
I've got a television, a video and a lots of books in my bedroom.
Reading:
Wilma Rudolf
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Wilma Rudolf was born in Clarksville,Tennessee,in 1940. There were twenty-two children in her family. Wilma was not a strong child. When she was very young, she got a disease called polio. Wilma’s leg began to have problems. Wilma’s family loved and helped her. Her mother and her sisters massaged her bad leg. The doctor put a brace on her leg for six years. One lucky day when she was twelve, the doctor took off the brace.
At high school Wilma started on run. Soon she won every race she ran. At age fifteen she prepared for the national races. She won all nine of the races. The next year, 1956, Wilma was in the Olympic games in Australia. Wilma came back with a bronze medal.
In 1960 Wilma went to the Olympic games in Italy. The weather was very hot just as it was in Tennessee. The Italians cheered her, Wilma won the 100 meter, 200 meter, and the 400 meter relay. Wilma Rudolf was the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals.
In 1963 Wilma got her degree in education. That year she married her high school sweetheart, and have four children.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. COMPREHENSION
A. Looking for the Main Ideas
Circle the letter of the correct answer.
1. When she was young, Wilma had problems with her _____
c. leg
2. At high School Wilma ______
a. started to run and won every race
3. In the Olympic games of 1960, Wilma _______
a. won a bronze medal
B. Looking for Details
Circle T if the sentence is true. Circle F if the sentence is false.
1. Wilma was a strong child. F
2. Wilma had a brace on her leg for twelve years. F
3. When she was fifteen, she ran for the national races. T
4. In 1956 the Olympic games were in Italy. F
5. Wilma won three gold medals in 1960. T
6. Wilma got married in 1963. T
PERSONAL DATA
Glenada Anggun
Glenada Anggun was born in Mantrijeron, Yogyakarta, in 1990. There were four children in her family. Glenada was the fourth child. She has two brothers and one sister. When she was six years old, she liked fishing and swimming. One day, when she went fishing with her brothers, she pushed her brother to the river because she was angry with him. Fortunetly, her brother could be saved.
In 2005, Glenada was a student of SMA 6 Yogyakarta. Because her parents were in Bontang, Kalimantan Timur, she lived with her grandmother and her brothers. Because of that she learned much of the true life. She known, she must got spirit in her life.
When she was 17 years old, she joined in Biology's Competition. Although she has got nothing, she can showed up her talent. Finally, she had studied in Telkom Institute of Management in 2008.
She got degree in 2012. After got her degree, she worked at Accountant's Company. Then, she got married with her boyfriend and has four children.
EXERCISE
A.
1. Attachment files
2. Snail mail
3. Smileys
4. Username
5. Internet Service Provider
6. Email
7. The header
8. The domain name
9. Inbox
B.
1. Into the header (TO; com = company)
2. Into the body (sender)
3. Into the header (CC; es = espana; co.uk = a company in the UK)
4. Into the header (subject)
5. Into the body (message)
C.
1. Spam
2. Mailing List
3. Spammers
4. Newsgroups
A.
1. Attachment files
2. Snail mail
3. Smileys
4. Username
5. Internet Service Provider
6. Email
7. The header
8. The domain name
9. Inbox
B.
1. Into the header (TO; com = company)
2. Into the body (sender)
3. Into the header (CC; es = espana; co.uk = a company in the UK)
4. Into the header (subject)
5. Into the body (message)
C.
1. Spam
2. Mailing List
3. Spammers
4. Newsgroups
Rabu, 11 Maret 2009
TUGAS PMB
BISNIS PENGELOLAAN
1. Langkah awal manajemen yang efektif adalah menetapkan tujuan dalam bisnis yang merupakan target-target kinerja yang diukur oleh organisasi dan manajer pada setiap tingkatan. Empat tujuan utama penetapan sasaran dalam suatu organisasi, ialah :
a. penetapan tujuan memberikan arah dan panduan bagi para manajer di semua tingkatan.
b. Penetapan tujuan membantu perusahaan mengalokasikan sumber dayanya.
c. Penetapan tujuan membantu menetapkan budaya korporasi.
d. Penetapan tujuan membantu manajer menilai kinerjanya.
2. Sebagian besar manajer harus memberikan perhatian dan kreativitas yang besar terhadap perumusan strategi bisnis yang mencakup tiga langkah dasar, yaitu :a. Menetapkan tujuan strategis
Merupakan tujuan jangka panjang yang langsung berasal dari pernyataan misi suatu perusahaan. Tujuan jangka panjang ini ditetapkan oleh manajer puncak (top manager).
b. Menganalisis organisasi dan lingkungannya
Analisis organisasi adalah analisis yang dilakukan untuk lebih mengerti kekuatan dan kelemahan suatu perusahaan. Faktor-faktor kekuatan, seperti surplus uang tunai, tersedianya sumber daya yang berkompeten, tersedianya bakat manajerial, keahlian teknis juga sedikitnya kompetisi.
Analisis lingkungan melibatkan pengamatan dan penilaian lingkungan bagi ancaman dan peluang. Ancaman ini bisa timbul dari konsumen itu sendiri, misalnya selera yang berubah. Ancaman lainnya yaitu dari produk-produk dari pesaing.
c. Menyesuaikan organisasi dengan lingkungannya
Langkah terakhir dalam perumusan strategi adalah menyesuaikan ancaman lingkungan dengan kesempatan terhadap kekuatan dan kelemahan perusahaan. Proses penyesuaian merupakan pusat dari perumusan strategi. Hal ini merupakan dasar bagi keberhasilan perencanaan dan pelaksanaan bisnis.
3. Manajemen merupakan proses perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengarahan, dan pengawasan sumber daya keuangan, manusia, dan informasi suatu perusahaan untuk mencapai tujuan. Masing-masing proses manajemen berhubungan dengan lima keahlian manajemen yang ada. Seperti :
a. Perencanaan
Merupakan proses manajemen yang mentapkan apa yang harus dilakukan suatu organisasi dan bagaimana melakukannya dengan sebaik mungkin. Perencanaan atau planning adalah suatu fungsi manajemen yang paling penting, karena diformulasikan apa yang akan dikerjakan, siapa yang mengerjakan, di mana dan caranya, dan bagaimana menilainya.
Dalam hal ini yang harus ditekankan adalah keterampilan konseptual yang merupakan kemampuan untuk melihat perusahaan secara keseluruhan, bagaimana bagian-bagian saling tergantung dan apa yang terjadi bila ada sesuatu yang berubah. Seotang top manajer harus mampu berpikir abstrak,bisa membayangkan, mendiagnosa dan menganalisis setiap situasi yang mungkin berbeda. Ia bisa memikirkan pasar baru yang akan dirintis, menganalisa akibat dari suatu keputusan, dsb.
b. Pengorganisasian
Pengorganisasian merupakan proses manajemen yang menetapkan cara terbaik dalam mengatur sumber daya dan aktivitas suatu organisasi menjadi suatu struktur yang logis.
Sehingga keterampilan yang harus dimiliki adalah keahlian konseptual dan keahlian hubungan manusia.
c. Pengarahan
Pengarahan merupakan proses manajemen dalam memandu dan memotivasi karyawan-karyawan untuk mencapai sasaran suatu organisasi. Fungsi ini menyangkut mengintergrasikan berbagai unit yang berbeda. Koordinasi harus ada pada setiap tingkat organisasi.
Dalam hal ini keterampilan hubungan manusia (human relation skills) sangat dibutuhkan. Karena pengarahan adalah proses memandu dan memotivasi, seorang manajer haruslah memiliki keahlian komunikasi yang baik agar dapat mengerti dan dimengerti oleh yang lainnya. Juga agar dapat memelihara hubunganyang baik pada suatu organisasi.
d. Pengawasan
Pengawasan merupakan proses manajemen dalam memonitor kinerja suatu organisasi untuk menjamin bahwa tujuannya dapat tercapai.
Keterampilan mengelola waktu (time management skills) sangat dibutuhkan dalam proses pengawasan. Seorang manajer harus bisa memprediksi pengawasan yang akan dilakukan untuk jangka waktu berapa lama. Selain itu dibutuhkan juga keterampilan membuat keputusan (decision making skills).
6. Pada bidang pendidikan pun manajemen tetap ada, contonya pada universitas. Sekalipun pada lembaga pendidikan, tingkatan manajer seperti top manager, middle manager dan juga lower manager bisa dijumpai. Hal ini bisa diidentifikasi sebagai berikut.
a. Top manager
Pada institusi pendidikan , yang menjadi top manager adalah Rektor.
b. Middle manager
Pada institusi pendidikan, yang berperan menjadi middle manager yaitu, dekan, direktur progam sarjana, direktur program pasca sarjana, kepala lembaga, kepala biro, kepala unit, dan para kepala bagian di lingkungan unit-unit tersebut.
c. Lower manager
Pada institusi pendidikan, yang menjadi lower manager adalah para staff dan karyawan seperti dosen, dll.
7. Perusahaan yang keahlian teknis manajemen puncaknya lebih penting daripada keterampilan hubungan manusia atau konseptual yaitu pada perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pertambangan. Menurut saya pada perusahaan ini jelaslah keahlian teknis sangat dibutuhkan bila dibandingkan dengan keahlian-keahlian yang lain. Pada perusahaan tambang sudah tentu yang dibutuhkan adalah kemampuan teknis dalam melakukan penambangan.
Dalam suatu organisasi yang bergerak dibidang apapun, keahlian konseptual sangatlah penting. Karena keahlian konseptual merupakan kemampuan untuk berpikir pada hal yang abstrak, mendiagnosis dan menganalisis situasi yang berbeda, serta melihat jauh ke depan. Dengan digunakannya keahlian konseptual, dapat membantu para manajer menganalisis kemungkinan hasil dari keputusan-keputusan. Juga dapat membantu individu mengetahui peluang (dan ancaman) padar yang baru. jadi, menurut saya tidak ada organisasi atau perusahaan yang keahlian konseptualnya tidak penting.
8. Antara perusahaan manufaktur berumur 100 tahun di Northeast dan perusahaan e-commerce berumur setahun yang didirikan di Silicon Valley pasti terdapat perbedaan dan salah satunya dapat terlihat pada budaya perusahaan. Budaya korporasi merupakan pengalaman, kisah, keyakinan, dan norma-norma yang mencirikan suatu organisasi.
Faktor-faktor utama yang menentukan budaya korporasi seperti nilai-nilai (values), sejarah, kisah-kisah dan legenda. juga pengalaman bersama pada perusahaan manufaktur berumur 100 tahun di Northeast pasti lebih kuat dan banyak dibandingkan dengan perusahaan e-commerce berumur setahun yang didirikan di Silicon Valley.
Jika dilihat dari waktu berdirinya, jelaslah perusahaan manufaktur di Northeast telah berada jauh sebelum perusahaan e-commerce berdiri. Hal ini membuat perusahaan manufaktur lebih banyak pengalaman terutama dalam menyelesaikan hambatan-hambatan yang muncul. Dengan jam terbang yang sangat lama ini, mereka telah mencoba mengambil berbagai macam keputusan pemecahan masalah serta mengetahui kelemahan dan kelebihan perusahaan sendiri dan juga perusahaan pesaing-pesaingnya. Dengan umurnya yang cukup tua, perusahaan manufaktur tersebut telah mengetahui bagaimana kondisi lingkungan di Northeast dan untuk saat ini cenderung mempertahankan budaya perusahaan yang ada tanpa ada inovasi.
Pada perusahaan e-commerce yang baru berdiri satu tahun ini, belum banyak pengalaman yang berarti. Mereka juga belum mengetahui secara jelas kondisi lingkungan di sekitar Silicon Valley. Budaya yang mereka miliki belum sepenuhnya dapat membantu dan memberikan juga dampak positif karena ditahun pertama mereka masih harus banyak melakukan penyesuaian dengan kondisi budaya di perusahaan-perusahaan sekitar Silicon Valley yang menjadi pesaing bisnisnya. Salah satu kelebihan dari perusahaan e-commerce ini adalah daya saing yang masih besar membuat manajer beserta tim selalu melakukan terobosan-terobosan baru agar bisa selangkah lebih maju dari sebelumnya.
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